Pharmacology Mnemonics – Based on Tufts Paper

(For INBDE, NDEB AFK, and students)

Dr. Rokia’s review of Pharmacology Mnemonics (for INBDE and NDEB AFK): “It’s such a fun way to review the boring pharmacology with these amazing videos. Short and direct!.“

Description of Pharmacology Mnemonics (for INBDE and NDEB AFK):

Wondering how to study and remember pharmacology for INBDE or NDEB AFK? Pharmacology Mnemonics (for INBDE and NDEB AFK) is a course of mnemonics for basic pharmacology that you should know (especially for NBDE part 2/ INBDE pharmacology, NDEB- AFK, and dental boards.)

The course is divided into three parts. The first and third parts are all videos (pages 1-16; 32-49), the second part (pages 17-31) is a PDF.

It is full of almost-funny, fool-proof tips and tricks to remember important pharma details and never forget them again, through proven “memory and study skills” techniques.

If you are studying for dental boards (esp. NBDE or NDEB), are a dental student/professional , medical student/professional, pharmacy student/professional, or in any way related to the medical field and having difficulty remembering all the drugs names and what they do--then this course is for YOU!

This course is LOVED by so many NBDE and NDEB AFK candidates, and it transformed pharmacology from being dreadful, to being one of the easiest subjects!

Note that this whole course is based on “Tufts Pharmacology Board Review” paper for NBDE, which is a very famous resource among NBDE candidates. The course curriculum follows the exact same arrangement and order of notes and questions of the paper, so you can STUDY FROM THEM TOGETHER!.

What’s better than a mnemonic-generating study buddy?

Categories: NBDE/ INBDE/ NDEB Mnemonics, Pharmacology Mnemonics

Curriculum of Pharmacology Mnemonics (for INBDE and NDEB AFK):

Local Anesthetics Mnemonics

Distinguish amide from ester local anesthetics based on the name

Metabolism of local anesthetics- ester vs amide

Local anesthetics are the drug group with the most consistent structure.

LA toxicity: prilocaine causes methemoglobinemia

Mechanism of action of local anesthetics

Absorption of local anesthetics

Calculations of local anesthetics (SPECIAL FORMULA)

Local anesthetics- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 9

question 10

question 11

question 12

question 13

(MNEMONIC) Q14: Duration of action of LAs

Q 15

(MNEMONIC) Q 15 “2nd”: propranolol increases the duration of action of Lidocaine

(MNEMONIC) Q 16: amide vs ester half lives

question 17

(MNEMONIC) Q 18 : Methemoglobinemia & Orthotoluidine

question 19

(MNEMONIC) Q 20- : LA toxicity effects on nervous systems

question 20 a

question 20 the second

(MNEMONIC) Q 20 “3rd”: Grave’s disease & sensitivity to epinephrine

(MNEMONIC) Q 21- : cardiovascular collapse is due to DIRECT action of LA on heart.

question 22

(MNEMONIC) Q 23- : Cocaine blocks reuptake of norepinephrine & produces vasoconstriction

(MNEMONIC) Q 24- : Cocaine stimulates cerebral cortex

question 25

question 26

(MNEMONIC) Q 27- : Sodium-potassium pump

question 28

question 30

question 31

question 32

(MNEMONIC) Q 35- : pKa, pH effect on local anesthetics.

(MNEMONIC) pg 5- Q 33-: onset of action of LA in small nerves vs large

pg 5 Q 34

pg 5 Q 35

pg 5 Q 36

pg 5 Q 37

pg 5 Q 38

pg 5 Q 39

Antibiotics Notes Mnemonics : Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Antibiotics” section)

Point 1a: Penicillin V vs Penicillin G

Point 1b: ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum

Point 1c: Drugs that are cross-allergenic with penicillin

Point 1d: Dicloxacillin is effective against penicillinase-producing bugs

point 1e: Carbenicillin is used to treat psuedomonas infections

point 1f (check latest guidelines)

point 2a: Bactericidal agents (penicillin) and their mechanism of action

Point 2b: Bacteriostatic agents (tetracyline) and their mechanism of action

point 2c: Antifungals mechanism of action.

Point 2d: Bacteriostatic agents (sulfonamides) mech. of action(PABA-folic acid)

point 3a: Allergic reactions to penicillins- symptoms

point 3b: Clindamycin produces psuedomonas colitis & GI upset

point 3c: broad spectrum & narrow spectrum antibiotics- superinfection

point 3d: Aplastic anemia is associated with chloramphenicol

point 3e: Tetracycline is associated with liver damage

point 3f: erythromycin estolate is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis

Point 4a: Tetracyline and penicillin (cidal-static interaction)

point 4b: probenecid and penicillin interaction

point 4c: Tetracyline interaction with anatacids and dairy products

point 4d: Broad spectrum antibiotics enhance the action of coumarin

point 4e: Ampicillin reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives

point 4f: erythromycin inhibits metabolism of seldane and digoxin

point 5a: Acyclovir is used to treat herpes

point 5b: Fluconazole/ ketoconazole: systemic-acting antifungals for candidiasis

Antibiotics- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

Q 5

Q 6

(MNEMONIC) Q 7- : penicillin G is given intramuscularly

Q 8

Q 11

(MNEMONIC) Q 12- : Cephalexin is cross-allergenic with penicillins

Q 13

Q 14

Q 13 the 2nd

(MNEMONIC) pg 8 Q 14 -: substitutes for penicillin in penicillin-sensitive patients: clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin

Q 15

(MNEMONIC) Q 16- : Ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum among penicillins

Q 17

Q 18

Q 19

(MNEMONIC) Q 20- : Ampicillin is the least effective against penicillinase

Q 21

Q 22

Q 24

Q 25

(MNEMONIC) Q 26- :Clindamycin concentration in bone; tetracycline in gingival fluid

pg 8 Q 27

pg 9 Q 37

(MNEMONIC) Q 28- : Different antibiotics side effects

(MNEMONIC) Q 29- : Erythromycin estolate is associated with cholestatic hepatitis

Q 30

(MNEMONIC) Q 31-: Drugs that cause gastrointestinal upset & pseudomembranous colitis

Q 32

Q 33

(MNEMONIC) Q 34- : Tetracycline side effects (photosensitivity & GI symptoms)

(MNEMONIC) Q 36- : Colitis from clindamycin therapy is cause by C. difficile

pg 10 Q 37

(MNEMONIC) Q 38- : Acyclovir is used to treat herpes.

Q 38 the second

Q 39

(MNEMONIC) Q 40- : Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergisitic.

Q 41

( MNEMONIC) Q 42-: antibiotic concentration at the site of infection- odontogenic

pg 10 Q 14

Q 42 the second

Q 43

(MNEMONIC) Q 44- : Probenecid results in decreased renal excretion of penicillin

(MNEMONIC) Q 71- : Penicillin is metabolized in the liver, cleared by kidneys

Q 45

(MNEMONIC) Q 46- : Ciprofloxacin is affected by antacids and dairy products

(MNEMONIC) Q 47:- Erythromycin should be avoided in patients taking Seldane

Cardiovascular Drugs Mnemonics: 1) Drugs used to treat a certain condition **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Cardiovascular Drugs” section)

Hypertension- point 1: Diuretics

Hypertension- point 2: Beta blockers

Hypertension- point 3: Alpha-1 blockers

Hypertension- point 4: centrally acting adrenergic drugs

Hypertension- point 5: neuronal blockers (Guanethidine)

Hypertension- point 6: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

Hypertension- Group mnemonic

Angina

Arrhythmias- point 1: Lidocaine

Arrhythmias- point 2 : Phenytoin

Arrhythmias-point 3: Quinidine

Arrhythmias-point 4: Verapamil

Arrhythmias point 5: Digitalis

Arrhythmias point 6

Arrhythmia drugs group mnemonic

Congestive heart failure

Mechanism of action of Cardiovascular drugs.

Antiarrythmics point a: Type 1A agents (quinidine)

Antiarrythmics point b: Type 1B agents (Lidocaine)

Antiarrhythmics point c (digitalis)

Antiangina point a: Nitroglycerin

Antiangina point b: propranolol

Antiangina point c: Calcium channel blockers

Antihypertensives

ACE inhibitors

Adrenergic agents- point a: prazosin & alpha-1 action

Adrenergic agents- point b: Methyldopa

Adrenergic agents- point c: Clonidine & alpha-2 action

Adrenergic agents- point d: propranolol

Adrenergic agents- point e: metoprolol

Diuretics- introduction

Diuretics- point a: thiazides.

Diuretics- point b: High-ceiling or loop acting (furosemide)

Diuretics- point c: potassium sparing: spironolactone

Congestive heart failure drugs – mechanism of action

Cardiovascular drugs- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

Q 1

Q 2

Q 3

Q 4

Q 5

(MNEMONIC) Q 6- : Ephedrine is used to treat hypertension

Q 7

(MNEMONIC) Q 8:- Procainamide is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia

(MNEMONIC) Q 9: : chlorothiazide is used in mild hypertension

Q 10

Q 11

Q 12

Q 13

Q 14

Q 15

Q 16

Q 17

Q 18

Q 19

Q 20

Q 21

(MNEMONIC) Q 22- : thiazide diuretics can cause hyperglycemia

Q 23

Q 24

Q 25

Q 26

Q 27

Q 28

Q 29

Q 30

(MNEMONIC) Q 31:- digitalis increases urine flow

(MNEMONIC) Q 32- : Prazosin inhibits the postsynaptic action of norepinephrine

Q 33

(MNEMONIC) Q 33- point a: Methyldopa stimulates alpha-2 in the brainstem

Q 33 point b: Metoprolol

(MNEMONIC) Q 33 point c- : hydralazine reduces hypertension by direct vasodilation

(MNEMONIC) Q 33 point d- : propranolol

(MNEMONIC) Q 33- point e- : Guanethedine & catecholamines & blood-brain barrier

Q 34

Q 35

pg 15 Q 36

(MNEMONIC) Q 37-: Beta-1 agonists increase heart rate and cardiac output

(MNEMONIC) Q 38:- ethacrynic acid: high-ceiling diuretic, can cause ototoxicity

(MNEMONIC) Q 39-: Yellow-green vision is a symptom of digitalis toxicity

Q 40

Second Part of the course PDF ONLY (Pages 17- 31 )

Tufts Pages 17-31 (PDF)

Second Part of the course (videos are being uploaded!)

Pg 17 Analgesics- NSAID (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) – Analgesic Mechanism of Action

NSAIDs- Antipyretic Mechanism of Action

Non-selective NSAIDs Inhibit Thromboxane A2, thus Preventing Platelet Aggregation

NSAIDs Mechanism of Action Conclusion

Therapeutic Effects of Aspirin

Adverse Effects of Aspirin

Analgesics Point 3.1- Acetaminophen Properties

Analgesics point 3.2- Steroid Name Identification

ِAnalgesics point 3.3 – Ibuprofen Causes Much Less Gastrointestinal Irritation

Analgesics point 3.4- Diflunisal has Longer Half-Life than Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen

Analgesics point 4- COX-2 Inhibitors: vioxx and Celecoxib

Analgesics point 5a- Acetaminophen Can Cause Liver Toxicity if Taken in Excess of 4 grams/day

Analgesics point 5b- Aspirin Causes Reye’s Syndrome if Taken by a Feverish Child.

Analgesics Questions

(MNEMONIC) Q 4: Salicylates inhibit prostaglandins

(MNEMONIC) Q 5: Salicylates produce hypothermia

(MNEMONIC) Q 6: Salicylates cause vasodilation

Q 7

Q 8 Part 1

(MNEMONIC) Q 8 Part 2: Heparin inactivates thrombin and inactivates formation of the fibrin network

(MNEMONIC) Q 8 Part 3: Coumarin is a vitamin K antagonist

Q 9

Pg 18 Q 10

Pg 18 Q 11

MNEMONIC pg 18 Q 12 part 1: Phenytoin, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Phenylbutazone, and Diflunisal are NSAIDs

MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 12 Part 2: Phenytoin Causes Gingival Hyperplasia

Pg 18 Q 13

Pg 18 Q 14

Pg 18 Q 16

Pg 18 Q 17

Pg 18 Q 18 Part 1

MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 18 Part 2: Aspirin Effect on Bleeding Time

MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 18 Part 3: Aspirin Effect on Uric Acid Excretion

Pg 18 Q 19

Pg 19 Q 20

Pg 19 Q 21

Pg 19 Q 22

Pg 19 Q 23

MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 23 Corticosteroids inhibit phosopholipase A2

Pg 19 Q 24

Pg 19 Q 25

MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 25: Diflunisal can be taken twice per day

New Lesson

Pg 19- Analgesics- Morphine

Morphine Point 1: Mixed Agonist-Antagonists (MAA) = Nalbuphine, Pentazocine, Butorphanol

Morphine Point 2: Naloxone: Opioid antagonist, used to treat opioid overdose

Morphine Point 2: Methadone: Used in detoxification of morphine addicts

Morphine Point 3: Effects of morphine

Morphine Point 4: Pathognomic Signs of Narcotic Overdose = Coma, Miosis, Respiratory Depression

Morphine Effect on Repiratory Rate (Mentioned in pg 20 Q 13)

Morphine Questions

Pg 19 Q 5 Part 1

MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 5 : OTC Oral Preparations for Diarrhea: Paregoric and Lomotil

Pg 20 Q 6

MNEMONIC : Pg 20 Q 7 Codeine suppresses cough reflex

MNEMONIC: Pg 20 Q 8 : Morphine binds mu receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia

Pg 20 Q 9

Pg 20 Q 10

Pg 20 Q 11

Pg 20 Q 12

Pg 20 Q 13

Pg 21 Q 14

Pg 21 Q 15

MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 16 – Pentazocine shouldn’t be given to a patient with a history of opioid abuse.

Pg 21 Q 17 Part 1: The Question

MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 17 Part 2: Pentazocine and Codeine are equianalgesic

MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 17 Part 3: Pentazocine has a lower abuse potential than heroin + heroin is the most abused drug.

MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q Part 4: Pentazocine is administred parenterally and as tablets

Pg 32- Benzodiazepines (Sedatives Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Sedatives” section))

Benzodiazepines – Mnemonic to Identify Benzodiazepines from the Drug Name

Benzodiazepines- Mechanism of Action Mnemonic

Benzodiazepines- Advantages Mnemonics

Benzodiazepines- Active Metabolites; Thrombophlebitis is associated with IV injection of diazepam (+Propylene Glycol)

Pg 32- Barbiturates (Sedatives Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Sedatives” section))

Mnemonic to Identify Barbiturates from the Drug Name

Barbiturates- Redistribution: quick onset, short duration of action

Barbiturates -point 2: Barbiturates are NOT analgesic

Barbiturates- point 3a: Barbiturates Overdose Causes Respiratory Depression

Barbiturates- point 3b: Barbiturates are Contraindicated in Porphyria

Sedatives- Questions (with Mnemonics for each + for the notes under questions) **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

pg 32 Question 1

Q2: MNEMONIC: GABA is related to both benzodiazepines and barbiturates.

Q 3

Q 4

pg 32 Q 31

(MNEMONIC) Q 5- : Barbiturates are Redistributed to the Skeletal Muscles

pg 32 Q 6

pg 33 Q 7

Q 8

Q 9

pg 33 Q 10

(MNEMONIC) Q 11- : Thiopental is Ultra-Short Acting; Phenobarbital is Long-Acting

pg 33 Q 12

pg 33 Q 13

pg 33 Q 14

(MNEMONIC) Q 15- : Benzodiazepines Are Ideal for Sedation in the Dental Setting.

(MNEMONIC) Q 16 – : Advantages of Midazolam

(MNEMONIC) Q 17- : Flumazenil Reverses the Effects of Benzodiazepines

Antipsychotics Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants and Antipsychotics” section)

Antipsychotics- 1st Generation (Phenothiazines, Chlorpromazines)

Antipsychotics- 1st Generation (Haloperidol)

Antipsychotics- Group Mnemonic for 1st Generation Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics- Point 1a: Mechanism of Antipsychotic Action

Antipsychotics- Point 1b: Major Side Effects of First Generation Antipsychotics

Antipsychotics: Point 1c: (Clozapine is a 2nd Generation Antipsychotic)

Antipsychotics: Point 1c – a: Second Generation -Mechanism of Action

Antipsychotics: Point 1c- b: 2nd Gen= Treat Negative as well as Positive Symptom

Antipsychotics: Point 1c- c: 2nd Generation = Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects

Antidepressants Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (under “psychopharmacology” section)

Antidepressants- Classification : Tricyclic Antidepressants, MAO, 2nd Gen & SSRI

Antidepressants- Most & Least Commonly Used

Antidepressants- Point 2a: Mechanism of Action

Antidepressants- Point 2b: Side Effects

Point 3: Lithium is the Drug of Choice for the Manic Phase of Manic Depression

Antipsychotics Questions- Mechanism of Action **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

(MNEMONIC) Q 1 – : Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a Hallucinogenic Drug.

pg 34 Q 2

pg 35 Q 4

Pg 35 Antipsychotics Questions- Side Effects **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

(MNEMONIC) Q 5 – : Phenothiazines Side Effects (infertility; Tardive Dyskinesia)

(MNEMONIC) Q 6 – MNEMONIC: Alcohols Act Via GABA; TCAs and MAOI Affect Adrenergic Transmission

pg 35 Q 7

(MNEMONIC) Q 8- : Phenothiazines Side Effects (Hypotension, Jaundice) + anti-alpha

(MNEMONIC) Q 9- : Chlorpromazine Side Effects (Jaundice, photosensitivity)

Pg 35- Antidepressants Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

Q 10- MNEMONIC: Dextroamphetamine is a CNS Stimulant -ADHD, athletic performance

pg 35 Q 11

pg 35 Q 12

pg 36 Q 13

pg 36: Antimanics- Questions

pg 36 Q 14

pg 36 Q 15

pg 36 Q 16

Anti-inflammatory Drugs Notes with Mnemonics

pg 36 anti-inflammatory drugs

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Questions with Mnemonics

Q 1

Q 2

Q 3

Q 4

Q 5

General Anesthetics Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “General Anesthetics” section)

General Anesthetic- Point 1: Factors that Influence the Rate of Induction

General Anesthetic- Point 2: Halothane is Associated with Hepatic Toxicity

General Anesthetics – Point 3: Stages of Anesthesia

General Anesthetics Questions with Mnemonics

Q 1

Q 2

Q 3

Q 4

Q 5

Q 6

Q 7

Q 49

Antihistamines Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Antihistamines” section)

H1 Antihistamines Point 1: Chlorampheniramine: to Treat Dermatological Manifestations

H1 Antihistamines Point 2: Promethazine: Preoperative Medication for Sedation..

H1 Antihistamines Point 3: Diphenhydramine: Controlling Symptoms of Parkinsons

H1 Antihistamines – Uses

H2 Antihistamines: “Cimetidine” : are Used to Reduce Gastric Acid Secretion

Antihistamines Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

pg 38 Q 1

pg 38 Q 2

pg 38 Q 3

pg 38 Q 4

(MNEMONIC) Q 5 – : Meclizine and Cyclizine Are Used to Treat Vertigo.

(MNEMONIC) Q 6 : Diphenhydramine: treat parkinsonism b/c it’s anticholinergic

(MNEMONIC) Q 41- Mechanism of Action of H1 Antihistamines: Competitive Antagonism

Miscellaneous Questions from Various Categories- with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have importants mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.

(MNEMONIC) Q 24 – Part 1 : Trigeminal Neuralgia Tx= Carbamazepine and Phenytoin

(MNEMONIC) Q 24- Part 2 Acetazolamine is an Anticonvulsant

pg 39 Q 1

(MNEMONIC) Q 4- : Oral Contraceptives are Associated with Thromoboembolic Disorders

(MNEMONIC) Q 9:- Psychological Dependence and Drug Abuse

(MNEMONIC) Q 27- : Alcohol Removes the Inhibitory Effect of the Cortex.

(MNEMONIC) Q 28 part 1:- Sulfonyl Ureas= Direct Action on Pancreatic Beta Cells

(MNEMONIC ) Q 28 part 2:- The Effect of Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Drugs on Insulin

(MNEMONIC) Q 37 : Prothrombin Time= Check Risk in Patient Taking Dicoumarol

Q 42

Q 43 – part 1

(MNEMONIC) Q 43- part 2 : Protamine is an Antagonist of Histamine

(MNEMONIC) Q 43 – part 3:- Phenylbutazone Increases Warfarin Toxicity

(MNEMONIC) Q 46 : Insulin- Isophane= intermediate acting; Protamine Zinc= long acting

pg 40 Q 48

(MNEMONIC) Q 56 : Addisonian Crisis Treatment= 2ml(100 mg) hydrocortisone hemisuccinate.

(MNEMONIC) Q 59:- Diazepam Produces Active Metabolites

pg 40 Q 61

(MNEMONIC) Q 64 : Cimetidine Effect on Drug Metabolism

(MNEMONIC) Q 65- Part 1 : Methotrexate (antimetabolite, folate antagonist, DNA syn)

(MNEMONIC) Q 65- Part 2 : Cisplatine and Lomustine Are Alkylating Agents

(MNEMONIC) Q 65 – Part 3 : Vincristine= Alkaloid Anticancer- Mitosis Phase

(MNEMONIC) Q 65 -Part 4 : Group Mnemonic: Methotrexate, Cisplatine, Lomustine, and Vincristine are all anticancer drugs.

(MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 1 : Parathyroid Hormone Increases Blood Calcium

(MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 2 : Glucagon Stimulates Glucose Production

(MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 3 : Aldosterone Regulates Sodium Levels

(MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 4 : Thyrotropin

(MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 5 : Calcitonin Decreases Blood Calcium

pg 41 Q 67

(MNEMONIC) Q 69 : Tolerance Is Developed hyporeactivity to a Drug

Q 77

Q 78

Q 82 easy 🙂

(MNEMONIC) Q 84 : Lorazepam, Oxazepam, and Midazolam Don’t Have Active Metabolites

Q 86

Q 92

(MNEMONIC) Q 97 : Butorphanol Doesn’t Precipitate Withdrawal Symptoms

Extra Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that weren’t mentioned previously.

pg 43 Q 52

Q 62

Q 72

(MNEMONIC) Q 75 : Diazepam Is the Drug of Choice for Status-Epilepticus

Q 83

Q 93

Q 99

Q 103 (Highly Ionized Drugs Tend to Be More Rapidly Excreted)

Q 125 part 1

(MNEMONIC) Q 125 – Part 2 : Prostacyclin Decreases Platelet Aggregation

(MNEMONIC) Q 128 : Verill’s Sign In Patient Recieving Diazepam= Adequately Sedated

Q 132

(MNEMONIC) Q 137 : Total Liter Flow of Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen= Reservoir Bag 1/3-2/3

Q 139

(MNEMONIC) Q 148 : Spider Venoms and Snake Toxin Block the Release of Acetylcholine

Q 153

Q 154

Q 168

Q 174

Q 176

Q 177

Q 179

Q 191- Part 1 MNEMONIC: Buspirone is an Anti-Anxiety Drug.

Q 191- Part 2 MNEMONIC: Chloral Hydrate is a Strong Sedative and Hypnotic

Q 16

(MNEMONIC) Q 42 : LA Reduce Salivation by Reducing Anxiety

Q 49

Q 75

Q 89

(MNEMONIC) Q 110 : Miosis= Cholinergic; Mydriasis= Anti-Cholinergic

Q 112

Q 118

(MNEMONIC) Q 124 : Opioid Analgesic Potencies.

Q 135

(MNEMONIC) Q 136 – Part 1 : Gentamycin is Associated with Auditory Nerve Deafness

Q 136 part 2

(MNEMONIC) Q 136 – Part 3 MNEMONIC: Polymixin B is Associated with Renal Necrosis