point 2a: Bactericidal agents (penicillin) and their mechanism of action

By Hiba Al-Shawa / July 15, 2021

Back to: Pharmacology Mnemonics (for INBDE and NDEB AFK)

Bactericidal agents such as penicillin kill rapidily growing cells by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

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point 1f (check latest guidelines)

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Point 2b: Bacteriostatic agents (tetracyline) and their mechanism of action

Local Anesthetics Mnemonics
- Distinguish amide from ester local anesthetics based on the name
- Metabolism of local anesthetics- ester vs amide
- Local anesthetics are the drug group with the most consistent structure.
- LA toxicity: prilocaine causes methemoglobinemia
- Mechanism of action of local anesthetics
- Absorption of local anesthetics
- Calculations of local anesthetics (SPECIAL FORMULA)
Local anesthetics- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- Question 1
- Question 2
- Question 3
- Question 9
- question 10
- question 11
- question 12
- question 13
- (MNEMONIC) Q14: Duration of action of LAs
- Q 15
- (MNEMONIC) Q 15 “2nd”: propranolol increases the duration of action of Lidocaine
- (MNEMONIC) Q 16: amide vs ester half lives
- question 17
- (MNEMONIC) Q 18 : Methemoglobinemia & Orthotoluidine
- question 19
- (MNEMONIC) Q 20- : LA toxicity effects on nervous systems
- question 20 a
- question 20 the second
- (MNEMONIC) Q 20 “3rd”: Grave’s disease & sensitivity to epinephrine
- (MNEMONIC) Q 21- : cardiovascular collapse is due to DIRECT action of LA on heart.
- question 22
- (MNEMONIC) Q 23- : Cocaine blocks reuptake of norepinephrine & produces vasoconstriction
- (MNEMONIC) Q 24- : Cocaine stimulates cerebral cortex
- question 25
- question 26
- (MNEMONIC) Q 27- : Sodium-potassium pump
- question 28
- question 30
- question 31
- question 32
- (MNEMONIC) Q 35- : pKa, pH effect on local anesthetics.
- (MNEMONIC) pg 5- Q 33-: onset of action of LA in small nerves vs large
- pg 5 Q 34
- pg 5 Q 35
- pg 5 Q 36
- pg 5 Q 37
- pg 5 Q 38
- pg 5 Q 39
Antibiotics Notes Mnemonics : Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Antibiotics” section)
- Point 1a: Penicillin V vs Penicillin G
- Point 1b: ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum
- Point 1c: Drugs that are cross-allergenic with penicillin
- Point 1d: Dicloxacillin is effective against penicillinase-producing bugs
- point 1e: Carbenicillin is used to treat psuedomonas infections
- point 1f (check latest guidelines)
- point 2a: Bactericidal agents (penicillin) and their mechanism of action
- Point 2b: Bacteriostatic agents (tetracyline) and their mechanism of action
- point 2c: Antifungals mechanism of action.
- Point 2d: Bacteriostatic agents (sulfonamides) mech. of action(PABA-folic acid)
- point 3a: Allergic reactions to penicillins- symptoms
- point 3b: Clindamycin produces psuedomonas colitis & GI upset
- point 3c: broad spectrum & narrow spectrum antibiotics- superinfection
- point 3d: Aplastic anemia is associated with chloramphenicol
- point 3e: Tetracycline is associated with liver damage
- point 3f: erythromycin estolate is associated with allergic cholestatic hepatitis
- Point 4a: Tetracyline and penicillin (cidal-static interaction)
- point 4b: probenecid and penicillin interaction
- point 4c: Tetracyline interaction with anatacids and dairy products
- point 4d: Broad spectrum antibiotics enhance the action of coumarin
- point 4e: Ampicillin reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives
- point 4f: erythromycin inhibits metabolism of seldane and digoxin
- point 5a: Acyclovir is used to treat herpes
- point 5b: Fluconazole/ ketoconazole: systemic-acting antifungals for candidiasis
Antibiotics- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- Q 5
- Q 6
- (MNEMONIC) Q 7- : penicillin G is given intramuscularly
- Q 8
- Q 11
- (MNEMONIC) Q 12- : Cephalexin is cross-allergenic with penicillins
- Q 13
- Q 14
- Q 13 the 2nd
- (MNEMONIC) pg 8 Q 14 -: substitutes for penicillin in penicillin-sensitive patients: clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin
- Q 15
- (MNEMONIC) Q 16- : Ampicillin has the best gram-negative spectrum among penicillins
- Q 17
- Q 18
- Q 19
- (MNEMONIC) Q 20- : Ampicillin is the least effective against penicillinase
- Q 21
- Q 22
- Q 24
- Q 25
- (MNEMONIC) Q 26- :Clindamycin concentration in bone; tetracycline in gingival fluid
- pg 8 Q 27
- pg 9 Q 37
- (MNEMONIC) Q 28- : Different antibiotics side effects
- (MNEMONIC) Q 29- : Erythromycin estolate is associated with cholestatic hepatitis
- Q 30
- (MNEMONIC) Q 31-: Drugs that cause gastrointestinal upset & pseudomembranous colitis
- Q 32
- Q 33
- (MNEMONIC) Q 34- : Tetracycline side effects (photosensitivity & GI symptoms)
- (MNEMONIC) Q 36- : Colitis from clindamycin therapy is cause by C. difficile
- pg 10 Q 37
- (MNEMONIC) Q 38- : Acyclovir is used to treat herpes.
- Q 38 the second
- Q 39
- (MNEMONIC) Q 40- : Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergisitic.
- Q 41
- ( MNEMONIC) Q 42-: antibiotic concentration at the site of infection- odontogenic
- pg 10 Q 14
- Q 42 the second
- Q 43
- (MNEMONIC) Q 44- : Probenecid results in decreased renal excretion of penicillin
- (MNEMONIC) Q 71- : Penicillin is metabolized in the liver, cleared by kidneys
- Q 45
- (MNEMONIC) Q 46- : Ciprofloxacin is affected by antacids and dairy products
- (MNEMONIC) Q 47:- Erythromycin should be avoided in patients taking Seldane
Cardiovascular Drugs Mnemonics: 1) Drugs used to treat a certain condition **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Cardiovascular Drugs” section)
- Hypertension- point 1: Diuretics
- Hypertension- point 2: Beta blockers
- Hypertension- point 3: Alpha-1 blockers
- Hypertension- point 4: centrally acting adrenergic drugs
- Hypertension- point 5: neuronal blockers (Guanethidine)
- Hypertension- point 6: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
- Hypertension- Group mnemonic
- Angina
- Arrhythmias- point 1: Lidocaine
- Arrhythmias- point 2 : Phenytoin
- Arrhythmias-point 3: Quinidine
- Arrhythmias-point 4: Verapamil
- Arrhythmias point 5: Digitalis
- Arrhythmias point 6
- Arrhythmia drugs group mnemonic
- Congestive heart failure
Mechanism of action of Cardiovascular drugs.
- Antiarrythmics point a: Type 1A agents (quinidine)
- Antiarrythmics point b: Type 1B agents (Lidocaine)
- Antiarrhythmics point c (digitalis)
- Antiangina point a: Nitroglycerin
- Antiangina point b: propranolol
- Antiangina point c: Calcium channel blockers
- Antihypertensives
- ACE inhibitors
- Adrenergic agents- point a: prazosin & alpha-1 action
- Adrenergic agents- point b: Methyldopa
- Adrenergic agents- point c: Clonidine & alpha-2 action
- Adrenergic agents- point d: propranolol
- Adrenergic agents- point e: metoprolol
- Diuretics- introduction
- Diuretics- point a: thiazides.
- Diuretics- point b: High-ceiling or loop acting (furosemide)
- Diuretics- point c: potassium sparing: spironolactone
- Congestive heart failure drugs – mechanism of action
Cardiovascular drugs- Questions **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- Q 1
- Q 2
- Q 3
- Q 4
- Q 5
- (MNEMONIC) Q 6- : Ephedrine is used to treat hypertension
- Q 7
- (MNEMONIC) Q 8:- Procainamide is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia
- (MNEMONIC) Q 9: : chlorothiazide is used in mild hypertension
- Q 10
- Q 11
- Q 12
- Q 13
- Q 14
- Q 15
- Q 16
- Q 17
- Q 18
- Q 19
- Q 20
- Q 21
- (MNEMONIC) Q 22- : thiazide diuretics can cause hyperglycemia
- Q 23
- Q 24
- Q 25
- Q 26
- Q 27
- Q 28
- Q 29
- Q 30
- (MNEMONIC) Q 31:- digitalis increases urine flow
- (MNEMONIC) Q 32- : Prazosin inhibits the postsynaptic action of norepinephrine
- Q 33
- (MNEMONIC) Q 33- point a: Methyldopa stimulates alpha-2 in the brainstem
- Q 33 point b: Metoprolol
- (MNEMONIC) Q 33 point c- : hydralazine reduces hypertension by direct vasodilation
- (MNEMONIC) Q 33 point d- : propranolol
- (MNEMONIC) Q 33- point e- : Guanethedine & catecholamines & blood-brain barrier
- Q 34
- Q 35
- pg 15 Q 36
- (MNEMONIC) Q 37-: Beta-1 agonists increase heart rate and cardiac output
- (MNEMONIC) Q 38:- ethacrynic acid: high-ceiling diuretic, can cause ototoxicity
- (MNEMONIC) Q 39-: Yellow-green vision is a symptom of digitalis toxicity
- Q 40
Second Part of the course PDF ONLY (Pages 17- 31 )
- Tufts Pages 17-31 (PDF)
Second Part of the course (videos are being uploaded!)
- Pg 17 Analgesics- NSAID (Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs) – Analgesic Mechanism of Action
- NSAIDs- Antipyretic Mechanism of Action
- Non-selective NSAIDs Inhibit Thromboxane A2, thus Preventing Platelet Aggregation
- NSAIDs Mechanism of Action Conclusion
- Therapeutic Effects of Aspirin
- Adverse Effects of Aspirin
- Analgesics Point 3.1- Acetaminophen Properties
- Analgesics point 3.2- Steroid Name Identification
- ِAnalgesics point 3.3 – Ibuprofen Causes Much Less Gastrointestinal Irritation
- Analgesics point 3.4- Diflunisal has Longer Half-Life than Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen
- Analgesics point 4- COX-2 Inhibitors: vioxx and Celecoxib
- Analgesics point 5a- Acetaminophen Can Cause Liver Toxicity if Taken in Excess of 4 grams/day
- Analgesics point 5b- Aspirin Causes Reye’s Syndrome if Taken by a Feverish Child.
Analgesics Questions
- (MNEMONIC) Q 4: Salicylates inhibit prostaglandins
- (MNEMONIC) Q 5: Salicylates produce hypothermia
- (MNEMONIC) Q 6: Salicylates cause vasodilation
- Q 7
- Q 8 Part 1
- (MNEMONIC) Q 8 Part 2: Heparin inactivates thrombin and inactivates formation of the fibrin network
- (MNEMONIC) Q 8 Part 3: Coumarin is a vitamin K antagonist
- Q 9
- Pg 18 Q 10
- Pg 18 Q 11
- MNEMONIC pg 18 Q 12 part 1: Phenytoin, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin, Phenylbutazone, and Diflunisal are NSAIDs
- MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 12 Part 2: Phenytoin Causes Gingival Hyperplasia
- Pg 18 Q 13
- Pg 18 Q 14
- Pg 18 Q 16
- Pg 18 Q 17
- Pg 18 Q 18 Part 1
- MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 18 Part 2: Aspirin Effect on Bleeding Time
- MNEMONIC Pg 18 Q 18 Part 3: Aspirin Effect on Uric Acid Excretion
- Pg 18 Q 19
- Pg 19 Q 20
- Pg 19 Q 21
- Pg 19 Q 22
- Pg 19 Q 23
- MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 23 Corticosteroids inhibit phosopholipase A2
- Pg 19 Q 24
- Pg 19 Q 25
- MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 25: Diflunisal can be taken twice per day
- New Lesson
Pg 19- Analgesics- Morphine
- Morphine Point 1: Mixed Agonist-Antagonists (MAA) = Nalbuphine, Pentazocine, Butorphanol
- Morphine Point 2: Naloxone: Opioid antagonist, used to treat opioid overdose
- Morphine Point 2: Methadone: Used in detoxification of morphine addicts
- Morphine Point 3: Effects of morphine
- Morphine Point 4: Pathognomic Signs of Narcotic Overdose = Coma, Miosis, Respiratory Depression
- Morphine Effect on Repiratory Rate (Mentioned in pg 20 Q 13)
Morphine Questions
- Pg 19 Q 5 Part 1
- MNEMONIC Pg 19 Q 5 : OTC Oral Preparations for Diarrhea: Paregoric and Lomotil
- Pg 20 Q 6
- MNEMONIC : Pg 20 Q 7 Codeine suppresses cough reflex
- MNEMONIC: Pg 20 Q 8 : Morphine binds mu receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia
- Pg 20 Q 9
- Pg 20 Q 10
- Pg 20 Q 11
- Pg 20 Q 12
- Pg 20 Q 13
- Pg 21 Q 14
- Pg 21 Q 15
- MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 16 – Pentazocine shouldn’t be given to a patient with a history of opioid abuse.
- Pg 21 Q 17 Part 1: The Question
- MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 17 Part 2: Pentazocine and Codeine are equianalgesic
- MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q 17 Part 3: Pentazocine has a lower abuse potential than heroin + heroin is the most abused drug.
- MNEMONIC: Pg 21 Q Part 4: Pentazocine is administred parenterally and as tablets
Pg 32- Benzodiazepines (Sedatives Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Sedatives” section))
- Benzodiazepines – Mnemonic to Identify Benzodiazepines from the Drug Name
- Benzodiazepines- Mechanism of Action Mnemonic
- Benzodiazepines- Advantages Mnemonics
- Benzodiazepines- Active Metabolites; Thrombophlebitis is associated with IV injection of diazepam (+Propylene Glycol)
Pg 32- Barbiturates (Sedatives Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Sedatives” section))
- Mnemonic to Identify Barbiturates from the Drug Name
- Barbiturates- Redistribution: quick onset, short duration of action
- Barbiturates -point 2: Barbiturates are NOT analgesic
- Barbiturates- point 3a: Barbiturates Overdose Causes Respiratory Depression
- Barbiturates- point 3b: Barbiturates are Contraindicated in Porphyria
Sedatives- Questions (with Mnemonics for each + for the notes under questions) **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- pg 32 Question 1
- Q2: MNEMONIC: GABA is related to both benzodiazepines and barbiturates.
- Q 3
- Q 4
- pg 32 Q 31
- (MNEMONIC) Q 5- : Barbiturates are Redistributed to the Skeletal Muscles
- pg 32 Q 6
- pg 33 Q 7
- Q 8
- Q 9
- pg 33 Q 10
- (MNEMONIC) Q 11- : Thiopental is Ultra-Short Acting; Phenobarbital is Long-Acting
- pg 33 Q 12
- pg 33 Q 13
- pg 33 Q 14
- (MNEMONIC) Q 15- : Benzodiazepines Are Ideal for Sedation in the Dental Setting.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 16 – : Advantages of Midazolam
- (MNEMONIC) Q 17- : Flumazenil Reverses the Effects of Benzodiazepines
Antipsychotics Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants and Antipsychotics” section)
- Antipsychotics- 1st Generation (Phenothiazines, Chlorpromazines)
- Antipsychotics- 1st Generation (Haloperidol)
- Antipsychotics- Group Mnemonic for 1st Generation Antipsychotics
- Antipsychotics- Point 1a: Mechanism of Antipsychotic Action
- Antipsychotics- Point 1b: Major Side Effects of First Generation Antipsychotics
- Antipsychotics: Point 1c: (Clozapine is a 2nd Generation Antipsychotic)
- Antipsychotics: Point 1c – a: Second Generation -Mechanism of Action
- Antipsychotics: Point 1c- b: 2nd Gen= Treat Negative as well as Positive Symptom
- Antipsychotics: Point 1c- c: 2nd Generation = Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Antidepressants Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (under “psychopharmacology” section)
- Antidepressants- Classification : Tricyclic Antidepressants, MAO, 2nd Gen & SSRI
- Antidepressants- Most & Least Commonly Used
- Antidepressants- Point 2a: Mechanism of Action
- Antidepressants- Point 2b: Side Effects
- Point 3: Lithium is the Drug of Choice for the Manic Phase of Manic Depression
Antipsychotics Questions- Mechanism of Action **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 1 – : Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a Hallucinogenic Drug.
- pg 34 Q 2
- pg 35 Q 4
Pg 35 Antipsychotics Questions- Side Effects **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 5 – : Phenothiazines Side Effects (infertility; Tardive Dyskinesia)
- (MNEMONIC) Q 6 – MNEMONIC: Alcohols Act Via GABA; TCAs and MAOI Affect Adrenergic Transmission
- pg 35 Q 7
- (MNEMONIC) Q 8- : Phenothiazines Side Effects (Hypotension, Jaundice) + anti-alpha
- (MNEMONIC) Q 9- : Chlorpromazine Side Effects (Jaundice, photosensitivity)
Pg 35- Antidepressants Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- Q 10- MNEMONIC: Dextroamphetamine is a CNS Stimulant -ADHD, athletic performance
- pg 35 Q 11
- pg 35 Q 12
- pg 36 Q 13
pg 36: Antimanics- Questions
- pg 36 Q 14
- pg 36 Q 15
- pg 36 Q 16
Anti-inflammatory Drugs Notes with Mnemonics
- pg 36 anti-inflammatory drugs
Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Questions with Mnemonics
- Q 1
- Q 2
- Q 3
- Q 4
- Q 5
General Anesthetics Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “General Anesthetics” section)
- General Anesthetic- Point 1: Factors that Influence the Rate of Induction
- General Anesthetic- Point 2: Halothane is Associated with Hepatic Toxicity
- General Anesthetics – Point 3: Stages of Anesthesia
General Anesthetics Questions with Mnemonics
- Q 1
- Q 2
- Q 3
- Q 4
- Q 5
- Q 6
- Q 7
- Q 49
Antihistamines Notes with Mnemonics **Mnemonics for the notes in the paper – (at the beginning of “Antihistamines” section)
- H1 Antihistamines Point 1: Chlorampheniramine: to Treat Dermatological Manifestations
- H1 Antihistamines Point 2: Promethazine: Preoperative Medication for Sedation..
- H1 Antihistamines Point 3: Diphenhydramine: Controlling Symptoms of Parkinsons
- H1 Antihistamines – Uses
- H2 Antihistamines: “Cimetidine” : are Used to Reduce Gastric Acid Secretion
Antihistamines Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- pg 38 Q 1
- pg 38 Q 2
- pg 38 Q 3
- pg 38 Q 4
- (MNEMONIC) Q 5 – : Meclizine and Cyclizine Are Used to Treat Vertigo.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 6 : Diphenhydramine: treat parkinsonism b/c it’s anticholinergic
- (MNEMONIC) Q 41- Mechanism of Action of H1 Antihistamines: Competitive Antagonism
Miscellaneous Questions from Various Categories- with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have importants mnemonics that were not mentioned previously.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 24 – Part 1 : Trigeminal Neuralgia Tx= Carbamazepine and Phenytoin
- (MNEMONIC) Q 24- Part 2 Acetazolamine is an Anticonvulsant
- pg 39 Q 1
- (MNEMONIC) Q 4- : Oral Contraceptives are Associated with Thromoboembolic Disorders
- (MNEMONIC) Q 9:- Psychological Dependence and Drug Abuse
- (MNEMONIC) Q 27- : Alcohol Removes the Inhibitory Effect of the Cortex.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 28 part 1:- Sulfonyl Ureas= Direct Action on Pancreatic Beta Cells
- (MNEMONIC ) Q 28 part 2:- The Effect of Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Drugs on Insulin
- (MNEMONIC) Q 37 : Prothrombin Time= Check Risk in Patient Taking Dicoumarol
- Q 42
- Q 43 – part 1
- (MNEMONIC) Q 43- part 2 : Protamine is an Antagonist of Histamine
- (MNEMONIC) Q 43 – part 3:- Phenylbutazone Increases Warfarin Toxicity
- (MNEMONIC) Q 46 : Insulin- Isophane= intermediate acting; Protamine Zinc= long acting
- pg 40 Q 48
- (MNEMONIC) Q 56 : Addisonian Crisis Treatment= 2ml(100 mg) hydrocortisone hemisuccinate.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 59:- Diazepam Produces Active Metabolites
- pg 40 Q 61
- (MNEMONIC) Q 64 : Cimetidine Effect on Drug Metabolism
- (MNEMONIC) Q 65- Part 1 : Methotrexate (antimetabolite, folate antagonist, DNA syn)
- (MNEMONIC) Q 65- Part 2 : Cisplatine and Lomustine Are Alkylating Agents
- (MNEMONIC) Q 65 – Part 3 : Vincristine= Alkaloid Anticancer- Mitosis Phase
- (MNEMONIC) Q 65 -Part 4 : Group Mnemonic: Methotrexate, Cisplatine, Lomustine, and Vincristine are all anticancer drugs.
- (MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 1 : Parathyroid Hormone Increases Blood Calcium
- (MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 2 : Glucagon Stimulates Glucose Production
- (MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 3 : Aldosterone Regulates Sodium Levels
- (MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 4 : Thyrotropin
- (MNEMONIC) Q 66- Part 5 : Calcitonin Decreases Blood Calcium
- pg 41 Q 67
- (MNEMONIC) Q 69 : Tolerance Is Developed hyporeactivity to a Drug
- Q 77
- Q 78
- Q 82 easy :)
- (MNEMONIC) Q 84 : Lorazepam, Oxazepam, and Midazolam Don’t Have Active Metabolites
- Q 86
- Q 92
- (MNEMONIC) Q 97 : Butorphanol Doesn’t Precipitate Withdrawal Symptoms
Extra Questions with Mnemonics **The questions labeled with (MNEMONIC) have important mnemonics that weren’t mentioned previously.
- pg 43 Q 52
- Q 62
- Q 72
- (MNEMONIC) Q 75 : Diazepam Is the Drug of Choice for Status-Epilepticus
- Q 83
- Q 93
- Q 99
- Q 103 (Highly Ionized Drugs Tend to Be More Rapidly Excreted)
- Q 125 part 1
- (MNEMONIC) Q 125 – Part 2 : Prostacyclin Decreases Platelet Aggregation
- (MNEMONIC) Q 128 : Verill’s Sign In Patient Recieving Diazepam= Adequately Sedated
- Q 132
- (MNEMONIC) Q 137 : Total Liter Flow of Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen= Reservoir Bag 1/3-2/3
- Q 139
- (MNEMONIC) Q 148 : Spider Venoms and Snake Toxin Block the Release of Acetylcholine
- Q 153
- Q 154
- Q 168
- Q 174
- Q 176
- Q 177
- Q 179
- Q 191- Part 1 MNEMONIC: Buspirone is an Anti-Anxiety Drug.
- Q 191- Part 2 MNEMONIC: Chloral Hydrate is a Strong Sedative and Hypnotic
- Q 16
- (MNEMONIC) Q 42 : LA Reduce Salivation by Reducing Anxiety
- Q 49
- Q 75
- Q 89
- (MNEMONIC) Q 110 : Miosis= Cholinergic; Mydriasis= Anti-Cholinergic
- Q 112
- Q 118
- (MNEMONIC) Q 124 : Opioid Analgesic Potencies.
- Q 135
- (MNEMONIC) Q 136 – Part 1 : Gentamycin is Associated with Auditory Nerve Deafness
- Q 136 part 2
- (MNEMONIC) Q 136 – Part 3 MNEMONIC: Polymixin B is Associated with Renal Necrosis
- Q 151
- Q 168
- Q 172
- (MNEMONIC) Q 184 : Benzodiazepines and Antihistamines are Anti-Cholinergic
- Q 187
- Q 189
- Q 200
- pg 47 Q 11
- Q 23
- Q 36
- Q 42
- Q 46
- Q 50
- Q 57
- Q 76
- (MNEMONIC) Q 80 : (morphine=supraspinal mu, kappa= spinal, pentazocine= kappa)
- Q 85
- Q 107
- (MNEMONIC) Q 110 : Phenothiazines Are Not Anti-Convulsant
- (MNEMONIC) Q 119 : Cromolyn Prevents the Release of Histamine
- Q 121
- Q 132
- Q 146
- Q 155
- (MNEMONIC) Q 160 : Nitrous oxide- First Symptom= Tingling of The Hands
- Q 176
- (MNEMONIC) Q 179- Benzodiazepines are the Only True Anti-Anxiety Drugs
- Q 180
- Q 181
- New Lesson
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