Foramen Lacerum: Location, Connection, and Transmissions

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Course Syllabus

Introduction to the Skull
- Facial Bones, Cranial Bones, Vault & composition, Cranial Base
Anterior View of the Skull
- Bones and Landmarks seen in the Anterior View of the Skull
Superior View of the Skull
- Bones and landmarks seen in the Superior View of the Skull
Lateral View of the Skull
- Bones and Landmarks seen in the Lateral View of the Skull (Pterion, Temporal Fossa, Infratemporal Fossa)
Posterior View of the Skull
- Bones and Landmarks Seen in the Posterior View of the Skull
Inferior View of the Skull
- Bones and Landmarks Seen in the Inferior View of the Skull
- Incisive Fossa: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Greater and Lesser Palatine Foramina: Location, Connection, and Transmission
- Posterior Nasal Spine and Posterior Nasal Aperture
- Pterygoid Processes & Pterygoid Fossa
- Foramen Ovale: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Foramen ٍSpinosum: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Foramen Lacerum: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Carotid Canal: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Jugular Foramen: Location, Connection, and Transmissions
- Spine of Sphenoid
- Mandibular Fossa and Articular Tuburcle
- Tympanic Plate
- Styloid Process
- Mastoid Process, Mastoid Notch and their Attachments (Sternocleidomastoid, Posterior Belly of Digastric)
- Stylomastoid Foramen and Facial Nerve
- Pharyngeal Tubercle & its Attachment (Upper Fibers of Superior Constrictor Muscle)
- Occipital Condyles & Atlanto-occipital joint
- Hypoglossal Canal & its Transmission
- Condylar Canal & its Transmission (Emissary Veins)
Cranial Base
- Introduction to Cranial Base & Cranial Fossae
Anterior Cranial Fossa
- Anterior Cranial Fossa: Boundaries & Floor
- Cribriform Plate
- Crista Galli
- Foramen Caecum (transmits emissary veins)
Middle Cranial Fossa
- Middle Cranial Fossa: Boundaries & Floor
- Pituitary Fossa
- Tuberculum Sellae and Dorsum Sellae
- Optic Groove and Optic Canal (Transmits Optic Nerve and Ophthalmic Artery)
- Foramen Rotundum (transmission: Maxillary division of V. Communication: Pterygopalatine Fossa)
- Foramen Ovale
- Foramen Spinosum
- Foramen Lacerum
Posterior Cranial Fossa
- Posterior Cranial Fossa: Boundaries & Floor
- Jugular Foramen: Location, Connection, Transmission
- Internal Acoustic Meatus: Transmits CN VII and VIII (Facial and Vestibulocochlear)
- Hypoglossal Canal (Identifying its position + Transmission)
- Spheno-occipital Synchondroses
The Frontal Bone
- Introduction to the Parts of the Frontal Bone
- Squamous Part: Supraorbital Margin
- Squamous Part: Superciliary Arch with Mnemonic
- Squamous Part: Glabella with Mnemonic
- Squamous Part: Supraorbital Notch/ Foramen
- Squamous Part: Nasion
- Squamous Part: Zygomatic Process of the Frontal Bone
- Squamous Part: Frontal Crest
- Orbital Parts: Position & Supraorbital Margin
- Orbital Parts: Separated by Ethmoidal Notch & Cribriform Plate
- Orbital Part: Articulates Posteriorly with Lesser Wing of Sphenoid Bone
- Nasal Part: Location, Articulation
- Nasal Part: Nasal Spine
- Frontal Sinus
The Maxillary Bones
- Introduction to Maxillary Bones
- Maxillary Bones are Divided into Body and Processes
- Surfaces of the Body of Maxilla
- Zygomatic Process of Maxilla
- Frontal Process of Maxilla
- Palatine Process of Maxilla
- Alveolar Process of Maxilla and Maxillary Tuberosity
- Incisor Fossa, Canine Eminence, Canine Fossa
- Infraorbital Foramen
- Anterior Nasal Spine
- Maxillary Tuberosity
- Median Palatine Suture
- Clinical Significance: Rapid Palatine Expander
- Transverse Suture between Palatine Processes of Maxilla and Horizontal Plates of Palatine Bones
- Incisive Fossa
- Greater and Lesser Palatine Foramen
- Infraorbital Groove and Canal
The Mandible
- Introduction: Mandible Consists of Body and Rami (2 x Ramus)
- Coronoid Process, Condylar Process, Coronoid Notch, TMJ
- External Landmarks: Mental Protuberance
- External Landmarks: Mental Tubercles
- External Landmarks: External Oblique Line
- External Landmarks: Mental Foramen
- External Landmarks: Alveolar Process
- External Landmarks: Angle of the Mandible
- Internal Landmarks: Mylohyoid Line + Attachment: Mylohyoid Muscle, Pterygomandibular Raphe, Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
- Internal Landmarks: Sublingual Fossa
- Internal Landmarks: Submandibular Fossa (accommodates Superficial Lobe of Submandibular Salivary Gland)
- Internal Landmarks: Mandibular Foramen and Canal
- Internal Landmarks: Temporal Crest (Provides attachment for temporalis muscle)
- Internal Landmarks: Lingula (Provides attachment for sphenomandibular ligament)
- Internal Landmarks: Mental Spines (Genial Tubercles)
- Internal Landmarks: Digastric Fossa (Gives attachment to the anterior belly of digastric muscle)
The Zygomatic Bones
- Introduction to the Zygomatic Bones + Zygomatic Arch
- Surfaces of Zygomatic Bones
- Processes of Zygomatic Bones
- Foramina of the Zygomatic Bones: Zygomatico-orbital foramen, Zygomaticofacial foramen, and Zygomaticotemporal Foramen with variations
The Sphenoid Bone
- Introduction to the Sphenoid Bone
- Parts of the Sphenoid Bone
- Body of the Sphenoid: Sphenoidal Air Sinuses + Sphenoidal Crest
- Body of The Sphenoid: Rostrum
- Body of the Sphenoid: Articulations
- Greater wings of Sphenoid: Introduction
- Greater Wings: Superior Surface (Cerebral Surface)
- Greater Wings: Lateral Surface (Extracranial Surface): Temporal Surface, Infratemporal Surface, and Infratemporal Crest)
- Greater Wings: Orbital Surface
- Lesser Wings: Surfaces (Superior Surface and Inferior Surface)
- Lesser Wings: Margins + Anterior and Posterior Clinoid Processes
The Ethmoid Bone
- Introduction: Ethmoid bone forms part of.. + Parts of the Ethmoid Bone
- Perpendicular Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
- Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid Bone & Crista Galli
- Ethmoidal Labyrinths (Lateral Masses): Nasal Plate, Orbital Plate, Ethmoidal Air Cells,Superior Nasal Concha, Middle Nasal Concha
Palatine Bones
- Introduction to Palatine Bones + Form part of..
- Parts of the Palatine Bones: Horizontal Plate, Vertical plate
- Horizontal Plate of Palatine Bone: Surfaces: Nasal Surface, Palatal Surface + median palatine suture & transverse palatine suture.
- Perpendicular Plates of Palatine Bone: Sphenoidal Notch, Sphenopalatine Foramen
The Temporal Bones
- Introduction: Temporal Bone is Part of.. + Different Views
- Parts of the Temporal Bone: Squamous, Petrous, Mastoid, Tympanic, and Styloid
- Squamous Part of Temporal Bone: Surfaces: Temporal and Cerebral + Zygomatic Arch, Articular Tubercle, Mandibular Fosaa
- Petrous Part of Temporal Bone: Hosts the Middle and Inner Ears + Introduction to Surfaces
- Petrous Part: Internal Surfaces + Groove for Sigmoid Sinus + Trigeminal impression
- Tympanic Plate
- Mastoid Process (Attachment for Sternocleidomastoid)+ Mastoid Notch (Attachment for Posterior Belly of Digastric Muscle)
- Stylomastoid Foramen: Transmits the Facial Nerve
The Occipital Bone
- Different Views + Introduction to Parts of the Occipital Bone
- External Surface of the Squamous Part of Occipital Bone Landmarks: External Occipital Crest, Superior Nuchal Lines, Inferior Nuchal Line, Supreme Nuchal Line
- Internal Surface of Squamous Part of Occipital bone: Cerebral Fossae, Cerebellar Fossae, Cruciform eminence, Groove for Superior Sagittal Sinus, Groove for Transverse Sinus, Internal Occipital Crest.
- Basilar Part of Occipital Bone + Pharyngeal Tuburcle (Attachment for Superior Constrictor Muscle of the Pharynx)
- Condylar Part of the Occipital Bone (Part of the Atlanto-occipital Joint) + Condylar Canal (Transmits Emissary Vein) + Hypoglossal Canal (aka Anterior Condylar Canal) +Codyloid Fossa
Quick Mnemonic: Skull Foramina Mnemonics
- Mnemonic: Maxillary Nerve= Foramen Rotundum..Mandibular Nerve= Foramen Ovale
- Mnemonic: Transmissions of Foramen Spinosum
- Mnemonic: Transmissions of Foramen Ovale
- Mnemonic: Transmissions of Jugular Foramen
- Mnemonic: Transmissions of Foramen Lacerum
Quick Mnemonic: The Mandibular Nerve
- Mnemonic: Anterior vs. Posterior Branches of the Mandibular Nerve Mnemonic
Quick Mnemonic: The Palate
- Mnemonic: Motor Innervation of the Palate – Tensor Veli Palatini & Others
- New Lesson
Quick Mnemonic: The Facial Nerve
- Mnemonic: The Pathway of Facial Nerve
Quick Mnemonic: The Pterygopalatine Fossa
- Mnemonic: Pterygopalatine Ganglion is Responsible for Innervation of the Lacrimal Gland
Quick Mnemonic: TMJ
- Mnemonic: The Sphenomandibular Ligament Attaches to the Lingula
- Mnemonic: The Stylomandibuar Ligament Attaches to the Angle of the Mandible
- Mnemonic: Innervation of the Anterior Region of the TMJ
Quick Mnemonic: Neck Anatomy
- Mnemonic: The Contents of the Carotid Sheath
- Mnemonic: The Accessory Nerve Innervates the Trapezius and the Sternocleidomastoid Muscles
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